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Reversible reactions and states of matter
Use <=> for an equilibrium arrow and add states in parentheses. mhchem keeps the chemical parts upright while formatting charges and subscripts automatically.
CHEMICAL NOTATION
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- Reversible reactions and states of matter
- Reaction conditions and catalysts
- Ions, precipitates, gases, and oxidation states
- Isotopes and physical units
- Kröger-Vink notation
Reaction conditions and catalysts
Put square brackets immediately after an arrow to label it above; a second pair adds a label below. Use them for temperature, pressure, catalysts, solvents, or light.
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Ions, precipitates, gases, and oxidation states
Write ion charges with ^, use v for a precipitate, and place ^ after a species for a gas. Oxidation states can be written in parentheses as ordinary text.
Isotopes and physical units
Leading superscripts identify isotopes. Start a block with \pu{...} to render a physical quantity with its unit rather than a chemical equation.
Kröger–Vink notation
Describe point defects in crystal lattices with site, species, and effective-charge notation. An upright V denotes vanadium; an italic V denotes a vacancy.
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