# Arithmetic, grouping, and spacing

Use braces to group content, `^` for superscripts, and `_` for subscripts. Commands such as `\,`, `\quad`, and `\!` adjust spacing.

```latex
x^2 + y^2 = z^2
```

```latex
a^{b+c} \neq a^b + a^c
```

```latex
x_1,\ x_2,\ \ldots,\ x_n \qquad a_{i,j}
```

```latex
f(x) = 2x^3 - 5x^2 + x - 7
```